Acute pancreatitis
Bepaal zorgprofiel
Vaststellen persoonlijke voedingszorgbehoefte
| Klachten | Heftige bovenbuikpijn (uitstraling naar rug/linkerzij), misselijkheid, braken, anorexie, soms toename na maaltijd. |
| Complicaties | Icterus, maagontledigingsstoornis, paralytische ileus, multi-orgaanfalen, (geïnfecteerde) pseudocysten, (geïnfecteerde) pancreasnecrose, intestinale ischemie, abdominaal compartimentsyndroom (intra-abdominale druk > 20mmHg), exocriene pancreasinsufficiëntie, chronische pancreatitis kan ontstaan bij recidiverende acute pancreatitis, deficiëntie van micronutriënten, bedreigde voedingstoestand, ondervoeding, katabolie. |
| Etiologie | Galstenen, overmatig alcoholgebruik, complicatie van ERCP, hypertriglyceridemie, medicatie, pancreasdivisum, auto-immuun pancreatitis, genetisch/familiair, tumor (in de buurt) van het pancreas, hypercalciëmie, traumatisch/beschadiging na ongeval, roken, idiopathisch/overig. |
| Laboratoriumgegevens | Lipase/amylase (>3x normaal), CRP (>150 mg/L binnen 48u na onstaan klachten = ernstig beloop), triglyceriden, calcium, glucose, IgG4. |
| Medicatie (als behandeling) | Ruim vochtinfuus/Ringer Lactaat, pijnstilling, zo nodig orale diabetes medicatie en/of insuline, zo nodig pancreasenzymen, zo nodig maagzuurremmers, soms antibiotica, indien overmatig alcoholgebruik: suppletie vitamines volgens alcoholprotocol. |
| Voedingssupplementen | Indien overmatig alcoholgebruik: suppletie vitamines volgens alcoholprotocol. |
| BMI | Steef voor gezonde BMI 18,5-25 kg/m2 (< 70 jaar). BMI >30 verhoogt risico op ernstig beloop. |
| Lichaamssamenstelling/vetvrijemassa-index | Lichaamssamenstelling (vet- en vetvrijemassa) en oedeem/ascites o.b.v BIA- of BIVA-meting. VVM: Vrouw >15 kg/m2 < P10 = ondervoed. Man: >17 kg/m2. VVMI < P10 = ondervoed. Zo nodig de lichaamssamenstelling vaststellen met indirecte methoden: DEXA, CT(L3), MRI of echografie. |
| Gewichtsverloop | Gewichtsverlies is tijdens de acute fase ongewenst |
| Screening (risico op) ondervoeding | Instrumenten voor screening en assessment van ondervoeding – Zakboek Dietetiek Gebruik GLIM-criteria voor diagnose en ernst van ondervoeding: www.espen.org/images/files/ESPEN-Fact-Sheets/ESPEN-Fact-Sheet-GLIM.pdf |
| Voedingspatroon | Adequate energie-, eiwit- en micronutriënteninname. Alcohol staken. |
| Leefstijlfactoren | Overgewicht, weinig beweging (grotere kans op galstenen), overmatig alcoholgebruik, roken. |
Bronnen
- Arvanitakis M, Ockenga J, Bezmarevic M, Gianotti L, Krznari Ž, Lobo DN, et al. ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in acute and chronic pancreatitis. Clin Nutr. 2020.
- Arvanitakis M, Ockenga J, Bezmarevic M, Gianotti L, Krznari Ž, Lobo DN, Löser C, Madl C, Meier R, Phillips M, Rasmussen HH, Van Hooft JE, Bischoff SC. ESPEN practical guideline on clinical nutrition in acute and chronic pancreatitis. Clin Nutr. 2024.
- Dominguez-Muñoz JE, Vujasinovic M, De la Iglesia D, Cahen D, Capurso G, Gubergrits N, et al. European guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency: UEG, EPC, EDS, ESPEN, ESPGHAN, ESDO, and ESPCG evidence-based recommendations. United European Gastroenterol J. 2024.
- Whitcomb DC, Buchner AM, Forsmark CE. AGA clinical practice update on the epidemiology, evaluation, and management of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency: Expert review. Gastroenterology. 2023.
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- Sikkens EC, Cahen DL, Koch AD, Braat H, Poley JW, Kuipers EJ, et al. The prevalence of fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies and decreased bone mass in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Pancreatology. 2013.